5 Things about Hydraulic Breaker Accumulator You Must Know

Hydraulic breakers, also called hydraulic hammers or rock breakers, rely on a combination of high-pressure oil and precision engineering to deliver powerful impact energy for breaking rock, concrete, and asphalt. Among the many critical components inside a breaker, the accumulator plays a vital role in ensuring consistent performance, reducing stress on the hydraulic system, and extending the breaker’s working life.

We will explore what the accumulator does, how it functions, the benefits it provides, and what you need to know for proper maintenance.

What Is an Accumulator in a Hydraulic Breaker?

The accumulator is a high-pressure container inside the hydraulic breaker filled with both hydraulic oil and nitrogen gas. It is designed to store and release energy, acting like a cushion that absorbs pressure fluctuations and provides extra power when needed.

Think of it as the “shock absorber” and “energy booster” of your hydraulic hammer—it smooths out pressure spikes while also helping the breaker deliver strong, consistent blows.

Reading More: Working Principle of Hydraulic System in Hydraulic Breaker Hammer

The Main Functions of a Hydraulic Breaker Accumulator

1. Energy Storage and Release

The accumulator stores hydraulic energy during low-demand phases and releases it instantly during impact. This helps the breaker deliver stronger and more efficient blows, especially when working on hard rock or reinforced concrete.

2. Pressure Stabilization

Hydraulic systems naturally experience pressure fluctuations. The accumulator reduces these variations, protecting seals, pistons, and other internal components from excessive stress.

3. Vibration and Shock Absorption

By acting as a buffer, the accumulator absorbs recoil shock generated during impact. This reduces vibration transmitted to the excavator boom, improving operator comfort and minimizing machine wear.

4. Protecting the Excavator Hydraulic System

Without an accumulator, pressure spikes can travel back into the excavator’s hydraulic circuit, potentially causing damage. The accumulator ensures smooth oil flow and protects the carrier machine.

5. Extending Breaker Lifespan

A well-functioning accumulator not only improves performance but also reduces wear on the breaker housing, piston, and valves, resulting in longer service life and lower maintenance costs.

Reading More:Hydraulic Breaker Lifespan: Extend Your Hydraulic Hammer's Life

Symptoms of Accumulator Problems

If the accumulator in a hydraulic breaker malfunctions, operators may notice:

• Weak impact force (breaker feels underpowered)

• Increased vibration during operation

• Frequent hydraulic system alarms or pressure issues

• Unusual oil leakage near the breaker

When these symptoms appear, the nitrogen pressure inside the accumulator may be too low or the diaphragm/bladder could be damaged.

Maintenance Tips for Hydraulic Breaker Accumulators

• Regular Nitrogen Pressure Checks: The nitrogen level should be inspected periodically to ensure the accumulator functions correctly.

• Use Correct Nitrogen Charging Tools: Always use the manufacturer-recommended kit for safe and accurate charging.

• Avoid Overcharging: Too much nitrogen can cause the accumulator to malfunction and reduce breaker performance.

• Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Different breakers (excavator hydraulic hammers, skid steer breakers, backhoe breakers) may require specific accumulator settings.

For broader maintenance practices, see:

Internal Link: Extend Life, Boost Efficiency: Daily Maintenance and Operation Guide for Hydraulic Breakers

How Often Should a Hydraulic Breaker Accumulator Be Recharged with Nitrogen?

In general, a hydraulic breaker accumulator should be checked for nitrogen pressure every 3 to 6 months, depending on operating conditions and breaker usage intensity.

• Light to medium-duty work (urban demolition, concrete breaking): inspection every 6 months is usually sufficient.

• Heavy-duty work (quarrying, mining, road construction): inspection every 3 months is recommended, since accumulators in these conditions lose pressure faster.

If the breaker feels underpowered, produces weaker blows, or generates more vibration than usual, it’s often a sign that the nitrogen pressure is too low and needs recharging.

Always use the manufacturer-recommended nitrogen charging kit and avoid overcharging, as excessive pressure can damage the diaphragm or bladder inside the accumulator.

Conclusion

The hydraulic breaker accumulator function is central to reliable and efficient breaker performance. By storing and releasing hydraulic energy, stabilizing pressure, and protecting both the breaker and carrier machine, the accumulator helps maximize productivity while reducing downtime.

Whether you’re using a mini excavator breaker for urban demolition or a heavy-duty hydraulic hammer for quarry work, understanding and maintaining the accumulator is key to getting the most out of your investment.

At Beilite, we design hydraulic breakers with advanced accumulator technology, ensuring durability, safety, and consistent performance in the toughest environments.

Author: Beilite Team, Hydraulic Equipment Experts

A hydraulic breaker is an essential attachment for excavators and other construction machinery, designed to demolish concrete, rock, and other tough materials efficiently. Among its many components, the accumulator plays a critical role in ensuring smooth operation and longevity of the equipment.

FAQ: Hydraulic Breaker Accumulator

1. Why does a hydraulic breaker need an accumulator? It stores energy and stabilizes pressure, reducing shocks and vibrations to protect the breaker and carrier.

2. What happens if the accumulator loses nitrogen pressure? Impact force decreases, vibrations increase, and internal components wear faster.

3. Can I operate a breaker without an accumulator? Short-term operation is possible but risky. The accumulator is essential for protecting the system.

4. How do I know if maintenance is needed? Look for weaker strikes, louder noise, faster oil heating, and noticeable vibrations.

5. What is the correct nitrogen pressure? Typically 10–18 bar, depending on the breaker model. Always check the manufacturer’s manual.

6. Can I use compressed air instead of nitrogen? No, only high-purity nitrogen is safe and effective.

7. How do I safely recharge the accumulator? Use a dedicated nitrogen charging kit and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

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