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2025-06-16
Hydraulic Breaker Guide: Detailed Explanation of Advantages, Structure, and Working Principle
Time: 2025-07-17 09:32
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Hydraulic breakers are an essential piece of kit for mining, blasting, landscaping and construction sites. Compared to traditional blasting methods and pneumatic tools, hydraulic breakers have several big advantages, which is why they are so popular with construction technicians and project managers. When used by professional operators, these high-performance demolition tools can quickly and efficiently break up all kinds of hard surfaces.
What are the advantages of hydraulic breakers?
The advantages of hydraulic hammers are manifested in multiple aspects:
High adaptability: Can be used in combination with various construction machinery (such as excavators, skid steer loaders, backhoes, etc.) to enhance construction flexibility.
Good durability: The internal structure is robust, resulting in a longer overall lifespan.
High construction efficiency: It can significantly increase the operation speed and reduce the intensity of manual labor.
Simple Design: It does not rely on air compressors or complex pipelines, with a simpler structure.
Lower energy consumption: Hydraulic drive is more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly compared to pneumatic tools.
Powerful impact: It has greater crushing energy and is suitable for high-intensity operations.
Model and Application Scope of Hydraulic Breakers
According to actual construction requirements, hydraulic hammers can be divided into different models and weight classes. Correctly selecting the corresponding model is one of the keys to improving operational efficiency.
Common size classifications are as follows:
Miniature Hammer:
Specifically designed for light-duty tasks such as indoor demolition and renovation, small-scale repairs, or fence piling, it is compact in size, flexible to operate, and highly suitable for environments with limited space.
Medium-sized hammer:
Widely used in various medium and large-scale projects, such as concrete breaking, municipal pipeline network installation, and rock crushing. This type of hydraulic breaker combines both striking frequency and impact force, with extremely wide applicability.
Heavy Hammer:
Specifically developed for heavy-duty operations such as large-scale quarrying, mining, and foundation demolition, it has extremely strong striking force but a relatively low striking frequency. It is suitable for long-term continuous operation under harsh working conditions.
The main structural components of a hydraulic breaker
Hydraulic hammers are divided into two types based on their structure: built-in valve type and external valve type. However, their internal structures are basically similar, mainly compressing hydraulic oil through cylinders and using the reciprocating motion of pistons to achieve impact action.
• Through Bolt
It refers to the four main bolts used to closely connect the back head, middle cylinder and front cylinder.
• Charging Valve
It is used to fill gas into the back head.
• Back Head
It is mainly used to store nitrogen gas.
• Middle Cylinder
As the heart of the hydraulic breaker, it includes the reciprocating actions of the hydraulic circulation system and control piston.
• Control Valve
It is used to control the piston to move up and down.
• Accumulator
It is used to provide adequate oil reserve and improve the stability of the hydraulic system.
• Piston
It is used to convert hydraulic energy into kinetic energy and impact the chisel to play a breaking role.
• Front Head
It is used to support the main body of the hydraulic breaker.
• Chisel Pin
It is used to fix the chisel and make orientation.
• Chisel
It is used to break up objects.
Different types of crushing chisels
According to the different working materials and construction scenarios, hydraulic hammers can replace various chisels. Choosing the appropriate chisel not only improves crushing efficiency, but also effectively extends the service life of the whole machine.
Common types of chisels include:
Pointed chisel (pointed cone): the most widely used, suitable for most conventional crushing tasks, such as reinforced concrete, rocks, etc.
Wedge chisel: suitable for horizontal structure, bedrock, slope section crushing and trenching engineering.
Blunt chisel: mainly used for the demolition of large stones and concrete blocks, with excellent durability and can withstand harsh environments.
Working mode of hydraulic breaker
Before using the crushing hammer, it is necessary to install it on the construction machinery and ensure that the chisel is firmly fixed. The operator guides the hammer head accurately through the main control system.
Its working principle is based on Pascal's principle: "The pressure in a closed liquid will be uniformly transmitted in all directions." Due to the incompressibility of hydraulic oil, this allows for almost no loss of energy transmission and rapid response.
The impact process can be divided into the following three stages:
Upstroke: The main valve opens the outlet, releases the upper chamber pressure, and pushes the piston upward with the lower chamber oil pressure.
Downstroke: When the piston rises to the top, the main valve changes direction and introduces high-pressure oil into the upper chamber, pushing the piston down quickly.
During the strike phase, the piston presses down to the bottom and strikes the chisel. At this time, the main valve switches positions again to start the next stroke.
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